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Chemistry · Molecular Orbital Theory: Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds

Nodal planes of -bonds \) in are located in:

Nodal planes of \( \pi \) -bonds \( (\mathrm{s}) \) in \( \boldsymbol{C} \boldsymbol{H}_{2}= \) \( C=C=C H_{2} \) are located in:

  • A. all are in molecular plane
  • B. perpendicular plane which contains \( C-C \sigma \) -bond
  • C. one in molecular plane and two in a plane perpendicular to molecular plane which contains \( C \) \( C \sigma \) -bonds
  • D. two in molecular plane and one in a plane perpendicular to molecular plane which bisects \( C-C \) \( \sigma \) -bonds at right angle

Step-by-step solution

CH2=C=C=CH2 (buta-1,2,3-triene) is a linear cumulene with three cumulative double bonds. The molecule is planar with all atoms in one plane, and each π bond is formed by p orbitals perpendicular to the molecular plane. Thus, the nodal plane of each π bond is the molecular plane itself, as it contains the C-C σ bonds and is perpendicular to the p orbitals. Therefore, all three nodal planes coincide with the molecular plane.
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