Chemistry · The first law of thermodynamics: Concept of work, heat, internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity

Internal energy does not include

Internal energy does not include

  • A. vibrational energy
  • B. rotational energy
  • C. energy arising by gravitational pull
  • D. nuclear energy

Step-by-step solution

Internal energy includes molecular kinetic and potential energies such as vibrational, rotational, electronic, and nuclear energies, but does not include macroscopic gravitational potential energy because it is not a microscopic property of the system.
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