Chemistry · Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation
The group has and effects are:
The group has \( +R \) and \( -I \) effects are:
- A. \( C H O \)
- B. \( -O H \)
- C. \( N C \)
- D. \( C N \)
Step-by-step solution
The hydroxyl group (-OH) has a +R effect due to electron donation from oxygen's lone pairs into the ring, and a -I effect due to oxygen's higher electronegativity. Other groups: CHO and CN have -I and -R effects; NC typically has +R and -I but is less common, while -OH is the classic example with both +R and -I.