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The second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes, Delta S of the universe and Delta G of the system as criteria for spontaneity Concepts for JEE

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The second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes, Delta S of the universe and Delta G of the system as criteria for spontaneity is a core JEE Main Chemistry subtopic under Chemical Thermodynamics. Master the definitions, standard results, and typical MCQ patterns tested in JEE Main and Advanced.

Key points

  • Understand the definition and scope of The second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes, Delta S of the universe and Delta G of the system as criteria for spontaneity in the JEE syllabus
  • Memorise key formulas and standard results linked to The second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes, Delta S of the universe and Delta G of the system as criteria for spontaneity
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JEE tips

  • Revise The second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes, Delta S of the universe and Delta G of the system as criteria for spontaneity with a one-page formula sheet before attempting mixed tests
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Students often rush The second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes, Delta S of the universe and Delta G of the system as criteria for spontaneity questions without checking units, sign conventions, or boundary conditions — always verify assumptions before calculating.

Syllabus context

Part of Chemical Thermodynamics in JEE Main Chemistry.

Free sample questions

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Q1ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
Assertion The gas is heated, if its temperature is less than its inversion temperature in Joule-Thomson effect. Reason Heating effect in gas is noticed during Joule-Thomson effect when T>Ti\boldsymbol{T}>\boldsymbol{T}_{i}
Q2ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
Which of the following does not result in an increase in entropy?
Q3ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
All reactions involving chemical decomposition:
Q4ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
For a given reaction, H2O(l)⇌\boldsymbol{H}_{2} \boldsymbol{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons H2O(s)at0∘CH_{2} O(s) a t 0^{\circ} C and 1 bar, which of the following is true?
Q5ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
Assertion Adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous inspite of the fact that adsorption is accompained with decrease in entropy. Reason The factor TΔST \Delta S is lesser than ΔH\Delta H
Q6ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
Fill in the blanks by putting appropriate choices.During adsorption there is −−_{-}- -in enthalpy and in the entropy of a system but adsorption is a spontaneous process and thus AG must be \quad Rate of physisorption with increase in pressure.
Q7ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
For the reaction, X2O4(l)⟶\boldsymbol{X}_{2} \boldsymbol{O}_{4}(l) \longrightarrow 2XO2(g)\mathbf{2} \boldsymbol{X} \boldsymbol{O}_{2}(\boldsymbol{g}) ΔU=2.1kcal,ΔS=20cal⁡K−1at\Delta U=2.1 k c a l, \Delta S=20 \operatorname{cal} K^{-1} \mathrm{at} 300K300 \mathrm{K} Hence ,ΔG, \Delta G is
Q8ChemistryUnit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics
For the reaction at 25∘C,X2O4(l)⟶25^{\circ} C, X_{2} O_{4(l)} \longrightarrow 2XO2(g)\mathbf{2} \boldsymbol{X} \boldsymbol{O}_{\mathbf{2}(\boldsymbol{g})} ΔH=2.1kcal\Delta H=2.1 k c a l and ΔS=20calK−1\Delta S=20 c a l \quad K^{-1} The reaction would be:

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